During the Industrial Revolution of the late 18th century, the cotton industry grew rapidly, driven on by the development of canals and railways, and key inventions such as John Kay's flying shuttle (1733), James Hargreaves' Spinning Jenny (1764), Richard Arkwright's Water Frame (1770, pictured), Samuel Crompton's Spinning Mule (1775), Edmund Cartwright's power loom (1785) and Eli Whitney's Cotton Ginning Machine (1793). The cotton industry was a driving force behind the growth of Manchester (which became known as "Cottonopolis") and surrounding towns such as Bolton, Oldham, Bury, Ashton-under-Lyne, Stalybridge, Stockport and Rochdale; further north Preston, Blackburn, Accrington, Burnley, Nelson, Colne, Clitheroe and the Rossendale Valley also became important centres of cotton production in Lancashire.